Composite building-frame structure.



R. H. ROBINSON.

COMPOSITE BUILDING FRAME STRUCTURE l APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1908.

Patented Sept. 10, 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

l ,Im/@gian R. H. ROBINSON.

GoMPosITE BUILDING FRAME STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 2, 1908. v

Patented Sept. 10, w12.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2,

BOY HENRY ROIBENSON, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

'MFSITE EULDING-FRAME STRUCTURE'.

riesen/.ia

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Sept. 10,1912.

.application led January 2, 19(28. Serial No. 409,053.

. at Shieago, in the county ot' Cook and State of illinois, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Composite Buiid' ing-Frame Structures, et `which the following is a specification.

This yinvent-ion relates to composite building trame structures, and more particular-ly to building trame structures wherein the frame members o the invention are ormed ot concrete and metal so combined as to attain the objects ot' the invention.

vAmong the salient objects of the invention are to provide a composite traine meniber so constructed that the metallic reinforcement constitutes a form or receptacle to determine the conformation of the cement which combines with the metal reinforcenient te torre the frame member; to provide a construction in which certain oi' the eliieleton r'netal reinforcement-s may be in part tilied with concrete before being set in position and the main body or buik of cement iiled intothe partlyfllled and stitirnei .bers after being set in position, thus aeiiitating the operation of erecting; r a ,trarne member of such construe t it is characterized by maximum ength, veryl'l'ow cost and suitability for D its intended use; to pro-vide a composite iframe construction which may be entirely plastered in and concealed by any suitable plaster or cement compound; to provide in crnnbination with traine structures ot the character above referred ,to a composite :flooring ich is characterized by great strength and lightness, and in general to struction and arrangement of structural iframes.

To the above ends 'they invention consists in the matters hereinafter described, and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings-Figure l is a-perspective view showing a fragmentary portion Yof a pillaniragmentary portions or" tivo adstringere or beams und portions of g'oining a :door construction superposed upon the beams; Q is a cross sectional detail of one oit 'my' provide improvements in the details of conimproved stringere orv the iooring shown in Fig. l; Figs:A 4 and 5 of tubular beams which may be used con- ,stituent parts of the flooring, such for example as that shown in Fig. 3; Fig'. 6 is a horizontal sectional View through one of the main u rights or pillars and connected beams; ig. 7 is a perspective View of a fragmentary portion of one form of skele tonized metal which may be used to form the permanent centering or under layer of the floor construction; Fig. 8 is an isometrical perspective of the upper 'end portion of one of the pillars; Fig. 9 is a fragmentary view in side elevation of a portion of one of vthe uprights and an end portion of one ot' E the main beams or girders` connected therewith; Fig. 10 is a sectional View of a modi iied construction taken transversely of the .main girder and alongside of one of the joists, the latter being shown in side elevation; Fig. 11 is a section taken transversely through a pair of joists showing another modification in which slrewbacks are employed; Figs. 12, 13 and 14 are view similar to Fig. 11 showing still other modifica4 tions; Fig- 15 is yan end elevation of the tile block shown in side elevation in Fig. 1l.

Referring to the drawing, l designates an uprightpillar or post consisting vof an outer tubular shell 2 and a filling of concrete or analogous material The post is most advantageously made in lengt-hs or sections equal to the distance between stories ot the to telescope a short dist-ance Within the lo wer section, shown clearly in Fig. l. Freierably also these pillars are made ot flattened oval form in cross section.

4, 4, designate major st-ringers or gir-ders connected With the opposite flattened Esi-'les ot' the pillar.and supported by the'latter. Each of these girders comprises a troughlike metal member 5, constituting a comper edges ot' which are provided with st-itfen ing members 6, preferably and as shown of tubular form and united with the edges of the member 5 in any suitable manner, as 'for example by means ot overlapping fianges T riveted together. The ends of these stiffening members G constitute convenient means of uniting the beams to the pillars,

and to this end they are ext-ended slight-ly lare cross sectional details of various forms building; the upper section being arranged` bined form and reinforcement and the up- .Y suitable openings inv the shell of the pillar and provided within the latter .with outturned tlange portions 8 whereby they are bonded inplacc by the filling o" nnent 3. In order to still further unite the transverse beams It with the uprightsand Jartieularly in order to anchor the lower et ges of said beams to the 'uprights, l irovide metal arms or anchors 2" which aredesirably struck out. as integral extensions or ton ues from thc tubular uprights and arrange( to extendV obliquely into the lower pariset said beams, a. shown clearly in Figs. 8 and 9. 'When the concrete is iilledin, these reinforcements il' Iobviously constitute anchors which very strongly' `unite the .lower portions ot the beams with the pillars, and they'also act as trussing' reinforcenients which Ato some es tent strcnffthen the mass of concrete.

; Preferably, and as indicated, the troughshaped reiint'oreeinent 5 is of inclave-formed metal, as indicated in the drawings, so as to facilitate the application and attachment thereto ol' plaster or concrete covering. lnasn'iueh as the trough-shaped reinforcement must ordinarily carry a comparatively heavy load et' plastic cement when filled with the latter, the. tubular stittening reinforcements 6 thereof will preferably be filled with cement and allowed toharden before' the beam or girder-is erected. This strengthens the beam amply to enable it to support the load of plastic concrete until the latter hardene.

The metallic skeleton of the beam, construetcd as described, having been set in 'position, the interior thereof titled with con crete or analogous cementitious material, which filling is preferably brought ,up flush with the top surfaces of tie pillar reinforcements 6 at the upper edge thereof, as shown clearly in Fig. 2.

As a further `feature ofimprovement. I

provide what I terma formless floor con-l struction, `whiehis seated upon and supported by the major beams or stringere 4. This floor construction comprises a series of par. allcl tubular joists or minor transverse trame members 9 and interposed tile blocks 10 forming:r in effect flat arches extending between the joists 9. Describing the 'oists more particularly, each in its preferre enrbodiment consists lof a tubular main body 1l prrwided along one or both sides coincident with its vertical axis with flan es, as 1.9., 12' and lll. ln the most ellicient erm which. I have devised I insert a small -Iheam reinforeclnent 1 4 between the lower flan es 12 ofi the tubular member, and unite sai Lbeam and .said [langes by through-rivets. This provides au extremely stron?` but nevertheless light joist member. or additional strength it wili usuali be filled with corr crete, asindicated in fig. 3. The sides olf' these 'jr/ists are of admirable configuration that a relies.

to enable the tile members to be interlorked therewith in such manner as to form et'lieient ln the ronstruction shown in Fig. 3, the tile menlbers are of such shape aS to tit or abut against the sides of the juist members, and the members of each set are 0f such shape as to key together to complete the arch. .l

Before laying the tile a metal reinforcement, which is preferably in the form of a corrugated and skeletonized or expanded sheet (See Fig. 7l. is laid across from the flange of one joist to the flange of the next., as indicated at 15 in Fig. 2'., and this metal reinforcement is covered and embedded in a relatively thin layer of roncret'e or cement, whirh is allowed to set 'and harden before the tiles are placed in position. This forms a preliminary support or floor which entirely diswnsesl with tho usual renterin or temporary scatl'olding commonly used or buildingv such tile or composite floor arches upon. Subsequently a bed of concrete is provided upon which the tiles nro laid and the tiles are thereafter covered with a layer otconcrete or cement, all as indicated el -arlv in Fig. 3. Y Finally, the ceilin or upper side. of the floor structure may plastered or otherwise. finished as desired.

lVherc considerable strength is required, yet not so much as to demand the Lbeanl reinforcement 1,4, l may substitute a reint'orcenunt of inverted `shape in cross section, as indicated at Lt aty the right hand end of Fig. 23. ln some instances, l torni the tlanges as eontinuations of the lateral edges ot' the sheet. metal of which thc tubular reintoreement's are formed and in this manner dispense with the insert of I-beam or T- sha pe in cross section. y Such a modification is shown in Fig. 5.

Ileretofore the comparatively great cost of the minor beamsl or joists of floorings of this general character has led to making the llor'uarches of considerable width from 'nist to joist and this has iu turn necessitatedv the employment of a plurality of tile blocks, sincesingle blocks could not well be manufactured of a length sullieient to extend from' joist to joist. By my present invention, in which I make these jolsts of tubular metal titled with eonenfte, l so lessen their omitv vthat it is entirely feasible to place the joists sufficiently close together to enable tiles to be used each of a length to extend from joist to joistp Tn Figs. 10 et seq. I have shown a construction embodying this idea. Referring to Fig. 12, 9 designates the joists, the

tubular outer member of each of which is special jile blocks, to be described, these i joists are so disposed that their flanges are at their lower side and at an angle ot' about ftorty-iivevdegrees from the vertical. 16 designates. as a whole the tile blocks which are iitted between the joists. These blocks are so formed that iny placing them in position one end canbe engaged with one of the ioists and .so-to-speak hooked around the latter, ar'ter which the opposite end can be low', lied into' engagement with the other Eici yts and the tiles supported in proper positien.

ati", to tit against one-halt` of the joist,

andis pioyjided" with a prolongation 1S at `its lower side which underlies the joists. rihe opposite-end is partially concave, as indicated at 17 so as to tit against the upper side of joist,.but its corresponding lower cerner is omitted or shortened, as indicated vat 19,- so that vthe tile may be swung into position. The' 'angle formed between the Y corner 19 of the tile and the extension 18 of the companion tile accommodates the anges i2" ofthe joists.' v ,Y

Fig. 1G shows a section of the ooring shown in' Fig. 12 taken 'at right angles to the latter, and as shown by said Fig. i the meet-ing edges of the tiles which extend from joist to joist are inclined from the vcrtieaiand may be arranged in sets so as to hey ,together between each set of major V`'-'neains niiig. 13 is shown a construction embodying .much the saine idea, with this diiii'erence, hoi-reifer, that the tile blocks 2O a the at each end, have. their lower sides siiiciently shortened ascoinpared' with the ripper portions of theA tile so that-they may be iowered into position withontthe rotative movement. necessary in assembling those shown in 121 To corn-plete the gap between the end margins atthe lower sides of the tiles, socket tile members 21 are slipped into position; 'these tile blocks or slabs 21 having up 'ardly' and outwardly flaring lateral edges which liey them in place between the correspondingly beveled end inargina of the tiles Q0, as indicated at `22.

In Fig. 11 l. have shown a construction in which the joists are each provided with lateral flanges 12C at leach side, and the joists are iiiclosed between skewback tiles .23 arranged in airs; these skewbaclis bein g preliininarilypupported in position by being recessed infftheinconcave sides, as indicated at 2d, to; hook upon the flanges 12. vBetween the sltewbaclt covered joists are arto extend tiles ,which 'fit into hey-fashion and pecnliarity of these es is that their tubular Apassages 2G ee 15) extend at right angles to those es shown iii Figs. 12 and 13. ons riiction'shown in Fig. 14 sub# 12, with the k .LA

diy that shown in Fig.

To admit oibtliis manipulation, one' endet each tile is concave, as indicatedexception that in this instance the tubular passages (indicated in dotted lines at 2T) extend lengthwise oi' the tiles, c., from joist to joist instead of parallel with the joists,

`While l: have liereiiigshown and described preferred and practical embodiments of the invention, yet it will be understood that the details of construction may be iiiodilied without departing from the spirit ot the v invention.

Iclaiin as my invention:

1. In a composite. floor construction, the combination with a pair 01"' spaced apart striiigers, each of said stringers consisting ol a tubular member provided at its lower side with a depending web-like reinforcement having laterally outturned flanges, of a sheet metal reinforcement bridgingr the space between said stringers and having its edges interengaged with and supported by Jthe corresponding flanges of `the "stringers, a layer of coiuentitious material resting upon and incorporated with said sheet metal reinforcement, and tile blocks`resting upon said (uint-,rete layer, bridging the space between the stringH ers and keyed between the latter lo form floor arches.

2. In a composite floor structure, the coinbination with a pair of spaced apart string* ers, each of said stringers consist-ing ol a tubular inciiiber provided at its lower side with a depending web-like reinforcement having laterally outturned flanges, ofi a slice-t nietal reinforcement bridging the space bctween said stringers and having its edges interengaged with and supported by the cor responding flanges of the striiigcrs, a layer of 'eementitious 'material resting' upon and incorporated with said sheet inctal reinforcement, a filling of concrete occupying the interiors of the tubular stringers, tile blocks resting upon said-concrete layer,

bridging the space between the stringcrs and keyed between the latter to forni floor arches, and a covering of concrete overlying said layer of tile blocks.

3. In a composite floor construction, the combination with spaced* apart tubular joists, each provided at its Tower side with a depending web like reinforcementhaving laterally out-turned flanges, of 'a sheet inetal reinforcement bridging the spaces between said joists, and having its edges interengaged with and supported by thel corresponding flanges of the stringers, a filling or' concrete within said tubular joists, and

tile blocks supported by said sheet metal reinforcement and bridging the spaces between the stringers, and keyed to the lat-ter to forno floor anches.

4. in a composite 'door construction, the combination with spaced apart joists, each having lower lateral lange estensione and an expanded -coinparativeiy 'large hoiiow head, of metal renf'ereementl bridging bel filling the heads of Suid jolels und uppliecl tween the joists and supported on the'latove; said tile and. about said joisls.

eral flanges thereof, a layer of concrete upon suid metal reinforcement, tile blocks resting ROY EEN RY ROBINSON on said eonerei'e layer extending between the Witnesses: hollow heads of the 1|oxsts and keyed thereto ,EMlLm Rose, lio form floor arches, and eonerete 01 Cement F. L. BELKNAP. 

